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Determination of the spatial extent and location of the polar cusp as
functions of the interplanetary magnetic field (Fuselier et al., 2002a, 2003;
Frey et al., 2002)
Observation of prompt outflow of ionospheric ions following the arrival of
a CME, indicating the existence of direct heating of the topside ionosphere
(Fuselier et al., 2001; Moore et al., 2001)
Identification of global-scale ionospheric outflow as an immediate response
to solar-wind pressure pulses (Fuselier et al., 2002b, 2003)
Confirmation of the theory of plasmaspheric tails (Burch et al., 2001a)
Discovery of several new and unpredicted features of the plasmasphere
including "shoulders", "fingers", corotating "voids", and isolated flux tubes
(Burch et al., 2001b; Sandel et al., 2001)
The use of solar wind data and the Magnetospheric Specification Model to
relate the plasmasphere shoulders to south-north transitions in the
interplanetary magnetic field (Goldstein et al., 2002)
Discovery of subauroral proton arcs and identification of the role of the
IMF in their formation (Immel et al., 2002; Burch et al., 2002)
Determination of the energy-dependent injection and drift of energetic ions
during magnetospheric substorms (Burch et al., 2001a)
Acquisition of the first global images of the geomagnetic storm ring
current, thereby identifying the development of a symmetric ring current during
the recovery phase (Burch et al., 2001a; Mitchell et al., 2001; Pollock et al.,
2001)
Acquisition of global images of substorm dipolarization in the plasma
sheet. (Brandt et al., 2002)
Clarification of the relationships between substorms and magnetic storms,
e.g., O+ injection into ring current caused by substorms (Mitchell et al., 2003)
Acquisition of the first global images of the proton aurora, establishing
its cause and effect with correlative measurements of proton precipitation on
FAST, and determination of the dynamical relationship between electron and
proton aurora during substorms (Frey et al., 2001; Mende et al., 2001)
The first remote measurements of plasmaspheric densities using radio
sounding (Reinisch et al., 2001)
Identification of plasmaspheric cavities as source regions for kilometric
continuum radiation (Green et al., 2002)
The first measurements of solar-wind neutral atoms and interstellar neutral
atoms from inside the magnetosphere. (Moore et al., 2001, 2003; Collier et al.,
2001)
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